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The typical Soums in Selenge River Basin
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The Selenge River Basin (SRB), located in northern Mongolia, is the upper reaches of Lake Baikal.
The steppe and forest are the dominant landscapes, accounting for 66% and 29% of the total area of the basin,
respectively (Wang et al., 2022).

The climate varies from mild and semi-arid in the middle and upper reaches to arid and cold in the lower reaches.
The SRB is a key pastural region in Mongolia, producing over 60% of the country's livestock products.
However, desertification, exacerbated by temperature fluctuations, overgrazing, and population increase,
has become a significant threat to ecological security and sustainable development (Xu et al., 2023).

The dynamics process and future scenarios of the pastural system in typical Soums of SRB were analyzed.
Four Soums, including Tumurbulag in Khuvsgul, Khutag-Undur in Bulgan, Zuunburen in Selenge,
and Orkhon in Darkhan-Uul, were selected from the basin.

Tumurbulag is located upstream, Khutag-Undur midstream, and Zuunburen and Orkhon downstream,
with Zuunburen situated along the mainstream and Orkhon along a branch stream
(National-Earth-System-Science-Data-Center, 2018) (Fig. 1). :numref:`Four typical Soums within Selenge River Basin (SRB)` .

.. figure:: image101_xd5.png
   :alt: image101
   :align: center
   :name: Four typical Soums within Selenge River Basin (SRB)

   色楞格河流域（SRB）内的四个典型流域







.. rubric:: More references

1. Friedl, M. and Sulla-Menashe, D., 2019. *MCD12Q1 MODIS/Terra+Aqua Land Cover Type Yearly L3 Global 500m SIN Grid V006*. Distributed by NASA EOSDIS Land Processes Distributed Active Archive Center.
2. Hou, H.Y., 2022. *Global IGBP LULC projection dataset under eight SSPs-RCPs*. figshare.
3. Verchot, L., Krug, T., Lasco, R.D., Ogle, S., Raison, J., Li, Y., Martino, D.L., McConkey, B.G., Smith, P. and Karunditu, M.W., 2006. *2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Volume 4: Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use, Chapter 6 Grassland*.
4. Xin, X.G., Wu, T.W., Shi, X.L., Zhang, F., Li, J.L., Chu, M., Liu, Q.X., Yan, J.H., Ma, Q. and Wei, M., 2019a. *BCC BCC-CSM2MR model output prepared for CMIP6 ScenarioMIP SSP126*. Earth System Grid Federation.
5. Xin, X.G., Wu, T.W., Shi, X.L., Zhang, F., Li, J.L., Chu, M., Liu, Q.X., Yan, J.H., Ma, Q. and Wei, M., 2019b. *BCC BCC-CSM2MR model output prepared for CMIP6 ScenarioMIP SSP245*. Earth System Grid Federation.
6. Xin, X.G., Wu, T.W., Shi, X.L., Zhang, F., Li, J.L., Chu, M., Liu, Q.X., Yan, J.H., Ma, Q. and Wei, M., 2019c. *BCC BCC-CSM2MR model output prepared for CMIP6 ScenarioMIP SSP585*. Earth System Grid Federation.